Philosophical terms dictionary

• I am too ignorant about philosophical terms.

• So, for now, I think I’ll grasp the overall picture with this and then read more specialized books on epistemology and metaphysics.

• I will write down some light notes below, and if it becomes too bulky, I will create another page.

  • Since I really don’t know anything, I think there are many mistakes and strange points in the notes below (disclaimer).

• Relativism (Humans are the measure of all things)

  • I thought that ethical views, for example, are not only relative to each individual but also relative to time.
    • They are different from last night and from myself in five years.
  • I think I have a strong inclination towards relativism within myself.
  • Criticism of relativism

    • “No proposition is absolutely true.”

    • Then, isn’t the statement above also not absolutely true? It’s a self-contradiction.

• Unity of Knowledge and Virtue

  • I wondered what virtue is, but I thought it means “something that leads to Happiness” and defined it as such.
  • Is it about acquiring knowledge about something that makes me feel happy?
    • But does Socrates consider goodness as something universal?
  • If we consider the unity of knowledge and virtue based on relativism, it might lead to the kind of thinking mentioned above.

• Arete

  • Similar to Affordance

• Idea

  • “The Idea of Good is the highest Idea.”
  • What is the highest Idea? (Highest in terms of what criteria?)
  • Plato seems to have regarded Ideas as absolute (unchanging), but I feel like Ideas are just “definitions” that humans possess.
    • If that’s the case, it also changes the idea that there exists an absolute good (Idea of Good).

• Mind-body dualism

  • The idea of separating the mind (self) from the body.
  • This can be extended quite a bit with modern technology.
    • Self <- written here

In modern times, British Empiricism vs Continental Rationalism

• 

• This is really interesting.

• There are no Primary Qualities, and everything is based on human perception.#secondaryqualities#britishempiricism

  • The existence of an apple only exists in the human mind.
  • It is simply interpreted as such because we perceive it that way.
  • This connects to the idea that Time Does Not Exist and that thermodynamics is created by the “ambiguous eyes” and ambiguous perception of humans.

• It is also the same idea that we cannot reach Kant’s Thing-in-itself.

  • 12 categories of Understanding
  • Copernican turn

• Kant’s three books

  • Critique of Pure Reason: Epistemology
  • Critique of Practical Reason: Ethics
  • Critique of Judgment: Aesthetics
  • Critique does not mean negation but has the same meaning as critics in English.#criticalphilosophy

• When studying philosophy, pay attention to Language

  • Ordinary Language vs Philosophy of Science

• Difference between what is considered Science and what is not: Not based on what can be verified, but on falsifiability#tok

• Existence precedes essence

  • I feel a sense of discomfort about this.
  • The reason for the existence of a human being is that the intention of the parent exists, and it can be identified with other things.
  • The difference between humans and other things is that they change afterwards, but there are other things that change randomly after being born.
    • This leads to the debate of whether consciousness and freedom exist.

• Engagement

  • It feels like a negation of the discussion I wrote about in Politics

• Body Schema

  • It connects with Social Brain
  • Seeing the brain <—> limbs and the brain <—> external objects in the same way

There is a sequel, so please give it a read! (takker)

• It covers Chinese and Japanese philosophy, analytical philosophy, and other topics.
• I read it briefly at the library 🙌(blu3mo)I also recommend reading “Ethics” by Tokyo Shoseki to deepen your understanding! (takker)
• I also recommend “Glossary of Ethics Terms”! (blu3mo)