• Napoleonic Wars:

    • The Napoleonic Wars were a significant turning point in warfare as they marked the transition from non-modern to modern warfare.
    • It was the last major conflict before the era of modern warfare began.
    • The war played a crucial role in the development of military tactics and strategies.
  • Bismarck’s Unification of German-speaking States:

    • Bismarck aimed to unify the various German-speaking states (39 in total) into a single nation.
    • He achieved this by engaging in conflicts with Denmark and Austria, both of which resulted in victories for the German states.
  • Franco-Prussian War:

    • The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between Prussia and France.
    • Prussia emerged victorious, leading to a significant humiliation for France, including a parade in Paris.
    • The war concluded with the signing of a treaty in Versailles.

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