https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.3389/frobt.2022.704225
Focus: In this paper, we examine the main challenges in designing teleoperation interfaces and recent comprehensive surveys. We find that the performance of teleoperation, especially for non-experts, is still hindered by the operator and the interface they use to control and monitor the robot.
This paper emphasizes and expands on recent calls for more attention to human factors, general usability, and information visualization. These directions can help integrate teleoperated robots into everyday life to enhance productivity, accessibility, and more. This argument supports the claim that there is a lack of user-centric UI studies for high-level control.
We discovered that most research focuses on addressing two key user-centered issues in both expert and non-expert teleoperation: situation awareness and robot control. These problems together impose a significant cognitive burden on the operator, making teleoperation challenging regardless of the task being performed with the robot.
To clarify further:
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Situation awareness: Situation awareness in teleoperation refers to the operator’s ability to perceive, understand, and reason about the environment surrounding them and their remote robot. This requires the operator to process a large amount of real-time robot sensor data from the remote environment. The challenge lies in determining how to present various sensor data effectively.
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Robot control: Research typically concentrates on one of two problems: how the operator provides input and the level of automation used in the robot’s behaviors.